Like other new and promising developments in scientific research, neurotechnologies like Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) provide cause for considering their potential philosophical, ethical and societal consequences. Especially over the last few years, there has been an enormous growth in publications that examine the exploration and application of neurotechnology with human value systems. I will review some of the issues related to BCI and DBS, focusing on personal identity, agency and mental competence, as these can be of great relevance to an individual’s moral and legal responsibility for decisions and actions.