The radiative and conductive heat transfer (RCHT) dominates in a lot of modern machines and manufacturing technologies. At Bauman MSTU since the end of 1970’s there have been worked out methods, algorithms and software package “CAR” (Conduction and Radiation) for solving direct problems (DP) and inverse problems (IP) of RCHT in composite materials and constructions. Numerical methods of solving DP, extreme statements of IP, numerical optimization of residual functionals and iterative regularization methods form the theoretical base of the package “CAR” approaches. The package “CAR” was used for researches on project reusable launch vehicles “Buran”, “Hopper”, large space frame “SOFORA”, large deployable space antenna NPO EGS. For today the software package “CAR” is the base for the current studies of advanced materials for aerospace applications and in development of new manufacturing technologies. In the lecture two branches of RCHT IP application are presented. The first branch connected with studies of advanced materials thermophysical properties. The statements are formulated as coefficient IP. Short description of experimental technique and some features of combined heat transfer in porous semitransparent material are given. The second branch connected with designing new manufacturing technologies for ceramics and glass. The statements are formulated as boundary IP and assume the determination of time variation of incident heat flux on the glass surface. Mathematical modelling have been performed in the frame of development three heat treatment technologies as infrared annealing, thermal polishing and sintering of glassceramic.