Improving mortality prediction for intensive care unit patients using text mining techniques
published: Dec. 8, 2017, recorded: October 2017, views: 700
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Description
Numerous severity assessment scores for estimation of in-hospital mortality in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have been developed over the last 40 years. In this study, we predicted 1-month mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients using the open Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database. Additionally, we observed the improvement in predictive performance and interpretability of the baseline model used in ICUs to a more complex model using simple features such as unigrams or bigrams, as well as advanced features extracted from textual nursing notes. For the latter, MetaMap extraction tool was used to extract medical concepts based on the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) terminology. We used a logistic regression based classifier, built using Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), age and gender, as a baseline model. The baseline model was then compared to regularized logistic regression based classifier built using simple and more complex additional features. The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) results for the baseline predictive performance improved from of 0.761 to 0.782 when frequency of unigrams and bigrams were used to build the model. In a similar scenario, where unigram and bigram frequency was replaced with Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) based feature values, AUC further increased to 0.786. This paper represents an opportunity in extracting new knowledge in the form of unigrams, bigrams or concepts extracted from textual notes accompanied by regression coefficient values that can be interpreted as relations between the features and the outcome. The combination of both can provide added value in decision support systems in ICU departments, where data is collected in electronic medical records (EMRs) in real-time.
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