Amory Lovins was a 1993 MacArthur Fellow, and has been honored with the "Alternative Nobel," Onassis, Nissan, Shingo, and Mitchell Prizes, the Benjamin Franklin and Happold Medals, nine honorary doctorates, and the Heinz, Lindbergh, Time Hero for the Planet, and World Technology Awards. He has advised the U.S. Departments of Energy and of Defense and industries and governments in more than fifty countries. Lovins trained as an experimental physicist, and received degrees from Harvard University and Oxford University.