B.E., New York University, 1968; Ph.D., University at Buffalo, 1975. Conducted research on law and social policy since 1976. Taught at the School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, 1989-95. Editor of the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1990-96. Joined the faculty of the Columbia School of Public Health in 1995 as professor and director of the Center for Violence Research and Prevention. Visiting professor, Columbia Law School, 1998-2001; professor, Columbia Law School, since 2001. Director of J.S.D. Program at Columbia Law School and Chair of Graduate Legal Studies, 2003-present. Elected to University Senate from School of Public Health in 2003. Elected as fellow of the American Society of Criminology, 2002. Member of the Committee on Law and Justice of the National Research Council (Vice-Chair); the MacArthur Foundation Research Program on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice; and the National Consortium on Violence Research of the National Science Foundation. Former Chair, National Policy Committee, American Society of Criminology, 2003-04. Serves on the editorial boards of Criminology and Public Policy, the Journal of Quantitative Criminology; Crime and Justice: A Review of Research; the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology; and Family Law Abstracts. Recent publications include: Legitimacy, Criminal Justice, and the State in Comparative Perspective (with T. Tyler and T.L.Meares), Russell Foundation Press; Executions and Homicide: A Tale of Two Cities (with F. Zimring and D. Jonhson), in Journal of Empirical Legal Studies; Crime and Neighborhood Change, in Understanding Crime Trends, National Academies Press; Juvinile Crime and Criminal Justice: Resolving Border Disputes, in Future of Children; Punishment, Deterrence and Social Control: The Paradox of Punishment in Minority Communities (with T.L. Meares, in Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law; Legitimacy, Complicance and Cooperation: Procedural Justice and Citizen Ties wo the Law (with T.R. Tyler), in Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law; Rational Choice and Development Influences on Recidivism among Adolescent Felony Offenders (with A. Piquero) in Journal of Empirical Legal Studies; An Analysis of the NYPD's Stop-and-Frisk Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias (with A. Gelman and A. Kiss) in Journal of the american Statistical Association; The Paradox of the Drug Elimination Program in New York City Public Housing (with G. Davies) in Georgetown Journal of Poverty, Law & Policy; "Death and Deterrence Redux: Science, Law and Causal Reasoning on Capital Punishment, in Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law; Attention Felons: Evaluating Project Safe Neighborhoods in Chicago (with A. Papachristos and T.L. Meares) in Journal of Empirical Legal Studies; Capital Hominice and Capital Punishment: A Market Share Theory of Deterrence (with F. Zimring and A. Geller) in Texas law Review; Legal Socialization of Children and Adolescents (with T. Tyler) in Social Justice Research; Neighborhood, Crime, and Incarceration in New York City (with V. West and J. Holland) in Columbia Human Right Law Review; Theorizing Community Justice Through Community Courts (with V. Malkin) in Fordham Urban Law Journal; Street Stops and Broken Windows: Terry, Race and Disorder in New York City (with G. Davies) in Fordham Urban Law Journal; Social Contagion of Violence (with D. Wilkinson and G. Davies) in the Cambridge Handbook of Violence Research.