Quantum computing constitutes a fundamentally different paradigm for the processing of information. While confined to theoretical investigations only for decades, progress in experimental quantum computing has contributed to a dramatic increase in interest in this computational model. One of the more intriguing applications of quantum computers is in the direction of quantum-enhanced machine learning and AI. In this short lecture, we will provide the basic ideas behind quantum computing and quantum machine learning and attempt to provide a critical discussion of their potential and challenges.