The UNESCO OER Programme provides a comprehensive range of services to Governments and education institutions to sustainably develop, use, and share OERs to achieve learning objectives. These services include policy development, institutional and individual capacity-building, technical advice on the set-up of complex repositories, establishing communities of practices, and organizing large events for sharing of best practices. OERs require a very challenging paradigm shift for teachers and learners. For teachers – OERs expose their best teaching materials for critique, copying, and refinement. For students – OERs eliminate the disadvantages of lack of local training and present huge opportunities to freely learn from the world’s best lecturers and possibly earn assessed credits. With many top-tier universities offering their courses as OERs, how are national universities meant to react?